The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the match between the French league champions and the French Cup holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the past 13 seasons.